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Timișoara Romania - European Capital of Culture, initially 2021 and now 2023

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Serbian Orthodox Church and Union Square
unique facade, small towers, beautiful bells and icons.
Built in C18th in the Baroque style.

Timisoara is in Western Romania, near the borders with Hungary and Serbia, and 600 km from Bucharest. The Carpathian Mount­ains (where my in-laws came from) lie in the north of the country. The Timiș, Bega and Poganiș Riversflow through the county and the city was named for the River Timis, where the first settlement appeared. From a small fort-town in the middle of marshland called Castrum Temesiensis, first recorded in 1212, Timişoara in the C14th became a fortress. The town was sacked by the Tatars, but its citadel was rebuilt and used as the residence of Charles I of Hungary(1309–42)

In the Middle Ages the area was conquered by the Turks and remained in their hands until the Austrians took it in 1716, thus the many fortifications on the site of the Liberty Square. After a 1718 treaty, the region was governed from Vienna and colonised with non-Magyars, mostly Swabian Germans. The city withstood a siege by Hungarian revolutionaries in 1848. Occupied by Serb­ia in 1919, it was allotted by the Treaty of Trianon (1920) to Romania.

Banat Village Museum, opened 1967
Includes Village Civic Centre, Alley of Ethnicities and the Living Museum.

Fabric Synagogue, Neo-Moorish
opened c1840

Timișoara, Romania's 3rd largest city, became a European Capital of Culture for 2021. After the win was announced, the mayor noted that the budget for the project will be €48.5 mill­ion: €20 m from Local Councils, 5 mill­ion from the County Coun­cil, 1.5 million from the European Commission, and the rest from the State. The money was to go to Multi-plexity, Palace of Culture, Arta Cinema, Dacia Cultural Cen­tre, Studio Art Hub, Art theatre hall, Fratelia Community Cult­ural Centre, Freidorf Commun­ity Cen­tre and Iosefin Water Tower Cul­tural Centre.

Timișoara is part of one of the most ambitious cultural projects of the European Union, helping EU-nations to learn about each oth­er’s cultures. And this cultural city has several tert­iary institutions, state opera, phil­harmonic orchestra, ballet and library. There are parks along the navigable Bega Canal and Rose Park is the most rom­antic places in the city. The National Theatre of Timișoara is und­ergoing res­t­oration projects to be completed by 2021. Perfect timing!

The modern city represents a unique mix of architectural styles and cultural traditions. Principal buildings include the heroic Roman Catholic Cathedral (1736–73). Near the cathedral there is a monu­m­ent dedicated to those killed during the 1989 revolution. There is also Memorial Museum of Revolution whose exhibits there are unif­orms, historical documents, newspapers, lib­rary, revolut­ion­aries’ person­al belongings and historical films.

The Orthodox Serbian Cathedral (1748, restored 1791), opposite Victory Square, became the spiritual centre for Serbs and Roman­ians. This imposing building has a unique facade, small towers, bells and icons. This fine C18th cathedral is typically Baroque.

Romanian Orthodox Metropolitan Cathedral (1936-1946) was built in Victory Square with green and red tiles, arranged in a mosaic design. A monument dedicated to those who died during the 1989 Revolution is in front of the cathedral. The Cathedral is home to many art religious objects, including old Romanian icon paintings.

The Orthodox Serbian Cathedral (1748, restored 1791), opposite Victory Square, became the spiritual centre for Serbs and Roman­ians. This imposing building has a unique facade, small towers, bells and icons. This fine C18th cathedral is typically Baroque.

Romanian Orthodox Metropolitan Cathedral (1936-1946) was built in Victory Square with green and red tiles, arranged in a mosaic design. A monument dedicated to those who died during the 1989 Revolution is in front of the cathedral. The Cathedral is home to many art religious objects, including old Romanian icon paintings.

St George Catholic Cathedral, baroque
Opened 1774

A very interesting cultural institutions of the city is Banat Vill­age Museum. It is a massive cultural open air com­plex; its main ex­hibits are old farm buildings, c100 years old. Beautiful pottery and wooden cabins were moved to the museum from around the city, so that exciting activities could be offered, including folk events.

Romanian National Opera, opened 1875
Burned down in 1880 and rebuilt in 1882
Burned in 1920 and rebuilt in 1923

The Opera House (1875) was designed by Viennese architects Fellner and Helmer who designed concert halls in Buda­pest, Vienna and Odessa. The frescoes in the concert hall were inspired by Romanian history and folk tales. Joseph Strauss began as Musical Director in Timisoara.

The Roman Catholic Cathedral (1736-54) was built in Union Square by Fisher von Erlach, an excellent example of Viennese Bar­oque style. The main altar was completed by Michael Angelo Unt­er­berger, director of the Fine Arts Academy in Vienna.

The St Catherine of Alexandria Church has a long and remark­able history. In the crypt of this medieval church, King Charles Robert of Anjou's wife Catherine was buried in the C13th. The church was owned by Franciscan monks until it was demolished after 1723, and the new church of St Catherine was built in the Baroque style. From 1887-9 the church was rebuilt, though this time adap­t­ed to the Neoclassical style, while retaining Baroque ele­ments.

Romanian Orthodox Cathedral
built 1936-41
filled with stunning religious objects and paintings

The Chamber of Commerce (1850) worked out of various city build­ings. But in 1930 they began building the palace that became the new headquarters of the Chamber. The Chamber of Commerce & Industry was designed by Laszlo Szekely. Downstairs there is space provided for shops, while offices are located on the first floor and the council chamber and the other 3 floors are resident­ial. The palace has great decorative elements, including a great tri­angular gable roof.

Emperor Franz Joseph I (1830-1916) ruled that Jews across the Austro-Hungarian Empire were to be freed and issued an edict all­ow­ing them to own land and hold any job. Fabric is a historical district, well known for its factor­ies, thus becoming the most populated district in the C19th. It was becom­ing a multicultural neigh­bour­hood, and the build­ing of the Fabric Synagogue 1895-99 was historical - the com­bin­at­ion of Neo-Moorish architectural styl­es with a HUGE floor that seated 3000! The square build­ing, with many towers and cupol­as, was conn­ected to the ex­ter­ior walls through deep semi-circular arches. In 2001 the Jew­ish Com­munity transfer­red it to the Timisoara Philharmonic Soc­iety for their first concert, held in 2005.

Timișoara is also a commercial centre and has developed indust­rial­ly since WW2, especially electric motors and electrical apparatus, textiles, farm equipment, chemicals, plastics, leather goods and foodstuffs. There are 2 tim­ber centres, and textiles and foodstuffs are produced locally, as are vineyards and wineries.

Map of Romania
Note Bucharest (in the south) and Timisoara (in the west)
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Lastly anti-government demonstrations erupted here in Dec 1989 and sparked the re­v­olution that toppled Romanian dictator Nicolae Ceaușescu from pow­er, executing him in 1989. But it is the large number of old Baroque buildings that still make Timisoara special. Hopefully Covid will have ended by 2023.







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