After publishing a post on American forger Mark Landis, I read the book A Forger's Tale: The memoir of one of Britain's most successful and infamous art forgers by Shaun Greenhalgh (Allen & Unwin, 2017).
Shaun Greenhalgh (born 1961) left school at 16 with no hope of tertiary training. He taught himself art, working in a wide range of media, including painting, drawing, sculpture and metalwork. And he used many materials in his art - silver, stone, paper, marble, metal and glass.
He tried selling work under his own name but not many people were interested. Fortunately for him, Shaun was good at copying other artists’ work, so he did that instead. It was not illegal to copy art, but it was illegal to assert that the work was an original Old Master.
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The Faun,
apparently sculpted by Paul Gauguin, but
Shaun Greenhalgh made ancient Egyptian, Roman and Chinese art objects, medieval Christian relics, 19th century porcelain and oil paintings. His father George was the trustworthy frontman, the older man who met and chatted up the potential buyers. George and mother Olive were also important because they explained how Shaun came to own such items in the first place i.e family heirlooms.
In 1999 Shaun bought a catalogue from an 1890s auction in a noble Devon home, Silverton Park. Among the items listed were 8 Egyptian figures. Shaun then created his Amarna Princess, a rare statue of one of the daughters of Pharaoh Akhenaten and Queen Nefertiti. George told Bolton Museum in 2002 that the Amarna was from his grandfather’s personal collection, bought at auction long ago.
Bolton Museum hailed their discovery of the Amarna Princess as a coup, calling George Greenhalgh a nice old man who had no idea of the significance of his art. In 2003, after checking with the curators at the British Museum and Christie's, Bolton Museum bought the Amarna Princess for £440,000/$700,000 and displayed it proudly. Jackpot!
Some other examples. Greenhalgh's The Faun was sold at a Sotheby's auction in London in 1994; it was a sculpture supposedly made by C19th French master Paul Gauguin. The private buyer came to light when the Art Institute of Chicago put this ceramic sculpture on display in 1997. The Art Institute of Chicago described The Faun sculpture as a major re-discovery and included it in their definitive exhibition on Gauguin. Then The Faun was displayed at the van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam; while the Amarna Princess was displayed at South Bank Hayward Art Gallery.
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The Greenhalghs brought Before Kick Off, apparently by LS Lowry, to the Bolton Auction Rooms for sale. The parents had copied letters from Lowry, inserting their own names in to make it look like they were great friends. And a painting by Otto Dix, apparently stolen from Dresden in 1939, was “recovered” by the Greenhalghs and then presented to the Tate Gallery.
Having successfully tricked the experts, the Greenhalghs tried again using the same Silverton Park provenance. They produced three Assyrian reliefs of soldier and horses, apparently from the Palace of Sennacherib in 600 BC. The British Museum inspected them in Nov 2005, believed they were authentic, and wanted to buy one of them because it matched a drawing by AH Layard in its collection. However when two of the reliefs were submitted to Bonhams auction house, their antiquities curator reported a clear fake. The British Museum contacted Scotland Yard’s Arts and Antiquities Unit and eventually the family was arrested.
Shaun had tricked museums, galleries and private collectors for 17+ years before the family was caught. But how clean were the dealers’ hands? Apparently some of them tried to take advantage, talking down individual works before selling them as genuine.
Shaun could not sell all 120 artworks that he had offered to galleries. But take note of the success of Shaun’s sales to private individuals, rather than to galleries. Individual collectors did not have the same level of expertise at their disposal as institutions. Two private American buyers were noticed, but only after they donated their purchase to the British Museum.
Det Sgt Rapley of the Metropolitan Police Arts & Antiquities Unit said “Looking at the Greenhalgh fakes now I'm not sure the items would fool anyone; it was the credibility of the provenances that went with them”. Yet we know the experts and institutions who were fooled included Tate Modern, British Museum, Henry Moore Institute and auction houses Bonhams, Christie's and Sotheby's. They were the experts!!
In 2007, Bolton Crown Court sentenced Shaun Greenhalgh to almost 5 years in prison for the crime of producing artistic forgeries. 44 of his forgeries were discussed during the trial, of the 120 which had been presented to art institutions. Bolton Museum told the court they had followed established procedure and were therefore not responsible. The judge agreed, focusing instead on the 3 Greenhalghs’ conspiracy. As a result, Shaun had to serve almost 5 years for fraud, his 84 year old father George served a shorter time and mum Olive was given a suspended sentence. Art lovers, however, were unimpressed by the museum experts' incompetence.
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At a confiscation hearing in Jan 2008, Shaun Greenhalgh was convicted for conspiracy to conceal and transfer £410,392. The Greenhalghs actually made up to £1.5 million.
Greenhalgh had traded in dozens of fake artworks over almost two decades but didn’t begin writing his book of memoirs, A Forger's Tale, until he had lots of free time in gaol. He included a detailed glossary in the book that could help museums and art police who need some practical people on their staff.
Following Shaun Greenhalgh's release from gaol in 2010, he launched a website selling his own art! The photo credits belong to The Guardian.
Shaun Greenhalgh (born 1961) left school at 16 with no hope of tertiary training. He taught himself art, working in a wide range of media, including painting, drawing, sculpture and metalwork. And he used many materials in his art - silver, stone, paper, marble, metal and glass.
He tried selling work under his own name but not many people were interested. Fortunately for him, Shaun was good at copying other artists’ work, so he did that instead. It was not illegal to copy art, but it was illegal to assert that the work was an original Old Master.
apparently sculpted by Paul Gauguin, but
actually created by Shaun Greenhalgh
Shaun was undoubtedly influenced by his job as an antiques dealer, taking his copies from sketches, photographs, art books and catalogues. He also did careful research to authenticate his items with histories and provenance (eg faking letters from the artists), to demonstrate his ownership. Completed items were then stored about his elderly parents’ shabby council house near Bolton.
Shaun was undoubtedly influenced by his job as an antiques dealer, taking his copies from sketches, photographs, art books and catalogues. He also did careful research to authenticate his items with histories and provenance (eg faking letters from the artists), to demonstrate his ownership. Completed items were then stored about his elderly parents’ shabby council house near Bolton.
Shaun Greenhalgh made ancient Egyptian, Roman and Chinese art objects, medieval Christian relics, 19th century porcelain and oil paintings. His father George was the trustworthy frontman, the older man who met and chatted up the potential buyers. George and mother Olive were also important because they explained how Shaun came to own such items in the first place i.e family heirlooms.
In 1999 Shaun bought a catalogue from an 1890s auction in a noble Devon home, Silverton Park. Among the items listed were 8 Egyptian figures. Shaun then created his Amarna Princess, a rare statue of one of the daughters of Pharaoh Akhenaten and Queen Nefertiti. George told Bolton Museum in 2002 that the Amarna was from his grandfather’s personal collection, bought at auction long ago.
Bolton Museum hailed their discovery of the Amarna Princess as a coup, calling George Greenhalgh a nice old man who had no idea of the significance of his art. In 2003, after checking with the curators at the British Museum and Christie's, Bolton Museum bought the Amarna Princess for £440,000/$700,000 and displayed it proudly. Jackpot!
Some other examples. Greenhalgh's The Faun was sold at a Sotheby's auction in London in 1994; it was a sculpture supposedly made by C19th French master Paul Gauguin. The private buyer came to light when the Art Institute of Chicago put this ceramic sculpture on display in 1997. The Art Institute of Chicago described The Faun sculpture as a major re-discovery and included it in their definitive exhibition on Gauguin. Then The Faun was displayed at the van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam; while the Amarna Princess was displayed at South Bank Hayward Art Gallery.
La Bella Principessa, apparently by Leonardo da Vinci
but claimed to have been painted by Greenhalgh
The Greenhalghs brought Before Kick Off, apparently by LS Lowry, to the Bolton Auction Rooms for sale. The parents had copied letters from Lowry, inserting their own names in to make it look like they were great friends. And a painting by Otto Dix, apparently stolen from Dresden in 1939, was “recovered” by the Greenhalghs and then presented to the Tate Gallery.
Having successfully tricked the experts, the Greenhalghs tried again using the same Silverton Park provenance. They produced three Assyrian reliefs of soldier and horses, apparently from the Palace of Sennacherib in 600 BC. The British Museum inspected them in Nov 2005, believed they were authentic, and wanted to buy one of them because it matched a drawing by AH Layard in its collection. However when two of the reliefs were submitted to Bonhams auction house, their antiquities curator reported a clear fake. The British Museum contacted Scotland Yard’s Arts and Antiquities Unit and eventually the family was arrested.
Shaun had tricked museums, galleries and private collectors for 17+ years before the family was caught. But how clean were the dealers’ hands? Apparently some of them tried to take advantage, talking down individual works before selling them as genuine.
Shaun could not sell all 120 artworks that he had offered to galleries. But take note of the success of Shaun’s sales to private individuals, rather than to galleries. Individual collectors did not have the same level of expertise at their disposal as institutions. Two private American buyers were noticed, but only after they donated their purchase to the British Museum.
Det Sgt Rapley of the Metropolitan Police Arts & Antiquities Unit said “Looking at the Greenhalgh fakes now I'm not sure the items would fool anyone; it was the credibility of the provenances that went with them”. Yet we know the experts and institutions who were fooled included Tate Modern, British Museum, Henry Moore Institute and auction houses Bonhams, Christie's and Sotheby's. They were the experts!!
In 2007, Bolton Crown Court sentenced Shaun Greenhalgh to almost 5 years in prison for the crime of producing artistic forgeries. 44 of his forgeries were discussed during the trial, of the 120 which had been presented to art institutions. Bolton Museum told the court they had followed established procedure and were therefore not responsible. The judge agreed, focusing instead on the 3 Greenhalghs’ conspiracy. As a result, Shaun had to serve almost 5 years for fraud, his 84 year old father George served a shorter time and mum Olive was given a suspended sentence. Art lovers, however, were unimpressed by the museum experts' incompetence.
Before Kick Off, apparently painted by LS Lowry
but actually painted by Greenhalgh
but actually painted by Greenhalgh
At a confiscation hearing in Jan 2008, Shaun Greenhalgh was convicted for conspiracy to conceal and transfer £410,392. The Greenhalghs actually made up to £1.5 million.
Greenhalgh had traded in dozens of fake artworks over almost two decades but didn’t begin writing his book of memoirs, A Forger's Tale, until he had lots of free time in gaol. He included a detailed glossary in the book that could help museums and art police who need some practical people on their staff.
Following Shaun Greenhalgh's release from gaol in 2010, he launched a website selling his own art! The photo credits belong to The Guardian.